沙枣树胶恢复已变质葡萄树伤流液抗氧化能力的生物活性作用研究

对沙枣树胶恢复已变质新疆和田红葡萄树伤流液抗氧活性的作用进行了初步的研究,结果表明：红葡萄树伤流液具有极强的抗羟自由基（·HO^-）能力,而抗超氧阴离子自由基（·O2^-）的能力较弱,即在空气中易氧化、发生变质、抗氧活性迅速降低、消失。沙枣树胶对已变质红葡萄树伤流液具有很强的生物活性,能恢复红葡萄树伤流液的抗氧化能力、增强红葡萄树伤流液抗氧成分的抗氧性能及其稳定性。向已变质的葡萄树伤流液加入沙枣树胶后,过一段时间,变质葡萄树伤流液所生产的异味消失,并对羟自由剂的清除率恢复到50﹪,对超氧阴离子自由剂的清除率上升到26﹪,其后一直保持稳定。研究成果表明：沙枣树胶有很强的恢复和增强已变质红葡萄树伤流液抗氧能力的作用。     

Cork and guar gum supplementation enhanced the buoyancy of faeces,and protease supplementation alleviated the negative effects of dietary cork on growth and intestinal health of tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus

To evaluate the effects of dietary cork, protease and guar gum on growth, intestinal health and faecal floatability of tilapia, fine or coarse particle cork (0.45–0.60 mm, 0.60–0.83 mm) was included in diets at 0 (control), 20 g/kg, 30 g/kg and 40 g/kg, and then, 0.175 g/kg protease (P) and 3 g/kg guar gum (G) were supplemented to the 40 g/kg coarse particle diet individually or in combination (P + G). Tilapia with an initial body weight of 15.0 ± 0.5 g were fed one of the 10 diets for 60 days. The results showed that weight gain (WG), apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP), intestinal evacuation ratio, intestinal digestive enzyme activity (IDE) and villus height decreased, and floating faeces ratio increased with the increasing cork level in diets. At the same supplementation level, coarse particle groups showed significantly higher floating faecal ratio than fine particle groups (p < .05). Dietary protease increased the WG, ADC of DM, IDE and villus height (p < .05), and guar gum increased floating faecal ratio when compared to 40 g/kg coarse particle group (p < .05). However, the ADC of DM, IDE and villus height of protease group were still inferior to those of control group (p < .05). In conclusion, dietary cork increased the floating faeces ratio, and the coarse particles produced more floating faeces than fine particles. Moreover, the supplementation of guar gum in cork‐supplemented diet further increased the floating faeces ratio. However, dietary cork negatively affected the growth performance of tilapia, which could be partially alleviated by the supplementation of protease.     

响应面法优化瓜儿豆胶提取工艺

以瓜儿豆(Cyamopsis tetragonoloba(Linn.)Taub.)种子为原料,在单因素试验的基础上,选定料液比、浸提温度和p H进行中心组合试验,利用响应面法优化瓜儿豆胶的提取工艺.结果表明,瓜儿豆胶的优化提取工艺条件为:p H 4.0,52℃,料液比1∶30 g/m L,验证试验表明,瓜儿豆胶的提取率实际值为30.3%,与预测值(30.6%)接近.     

The addition of corn fiber gum improves the long-term stability and retrogradation properties of corn starch

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the stability and physical properties of starch gels could be improved by adding small amounts of corn fiber gum (CFG). In the differential scanning calorimeter measurement, the enthalpy of retrogradation was 7.30 J/g for starch without CFG and 4.30 J/g for starch composite gel with 1.0% CFG. The addition of 1.0% CFG to starch significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the degree of retrogradation during the long-term storage from 61.6% to 36.5%. The addition of CFG retarded the syneresis of the starch system from 17.97% and 34.93%–6.15% and 26.57% after storage for 7 and 14 days respectively. The crystallization peak of starch containing 0.5–1.0% CFG was quite diminished. When compared with the starch gel alone, the addition of CFG significantly lowered the hardness of the composite starch gel from 60.92 to 45.81 N after 14 days storage. The starch gel without CFG showed the lowest rapidly digestible starch content and the highest resistant starch content in comparison to starch/CFG composite gels after 7 and 14 days storage. Over all, the addition of CFG considerably inhibits the retrogradation of corn starch gels during long-term storage.     

黄蒿籽胶提取工艺及流变学特性的研究

以黄蒿籽为原料采用盐析方法提取植物胶,研究了多种因素对提取率的影响,用正交试验L9(3)4得到最佳提取工艺条件:Al2(SO4)3用量为滤液的1/10mL,盐析pH值6.0,脱盐pH值2.5,脱盐时间60min。同时还分析测定了浓度、温度以及常见金属离子对黄蒿籽胶黏度的影响,并且与8种增稠剂黏度进行比较,试验结果表明,黄蒿籽胶具有良好的开发应用价值。     

亚麻胶提取工艺的研究

以亚麻籽为原料,利用浸提工艺和喷雾干燥工艺制备亚麻胶的过程,分别考察了提取温度、浸提时间、洗胶次数、总料液比对提取率的影响,并通过单因素和正交试验确定了亚麻胶最佳提取工艺条件:洗胶次数为4次、浸提温度为80℃、浸提时间为1 h、总料液比为1∶4,该条件下亚麻胶的量可达8.307 g.     

不同因素对马铃薯淀粉-黄原胶复配体系粘度的影响

以粘度为评价指标,由试验确定复配体系配比为马铃薯淀粉5%、黄原胶0.3%的基础上,通过单因素试验和响应面试验研究不同因素对马铃薯淀粉-黄原胶复配体系粘度的影响.结果表明:当pH 6、温度69℃、搅拌时间28min、盐离子浓度0.03mol/L时,复配体系的粘度为27 606mPa·s,与预测值27 787mPa·s的相对误差为0.65%,差异不显著,回归模型拟合良好,这一粘度均较相同浓度的马铃薯淀粉或黄原胶粘度高很多.     

生物脱胶苎麻纤维性能研究

应用一种简便、廉价的细菌脱胶方法对苎麻进行脱胶，研究脱胶后的苎麻纤维性能。结果表明，苎麻细菌脱胶后残胶率1．82％，达到了脱胶要求。且松散了苎麻纤维横截面组织结构，对苎麻中纤维素无破坏，提高了上染色率12％左右，单纤维强力比碱液脱胶的大0．15N／tex，对白度影响不大。说明该脱胶法是一种绿色生产工艺。     

不同质量分数NaCl和温度对黄原胶减阻特性影响的试验研究

为研究NaCl环境中黄原胶的减阻特性及温度对其性能的影响,通过在光滑圆管内进行不同质量分数NaCl的黄原胶溶液减阻特性试验,得到不同质量分数XG/NaCl溶液的减阻率随流动雷诺数的变化关系,并与黄原胶水溶液的减阻特性进行了对比.结果表明:黄原胶稀溶液(0.01%~0.02%)内,NaCl质量分数对溶液减阻率随雷诺数变化的影响较大,对黄原胶浓溶液(0.05%~0.06%)影响较小;高质量分数NaCl条件下,黄原胶质量分数低于0.03%时大致遵循B型减阻类型;当黄原胶溶液质量分数大于或等于0.03%时,溶液具有从低雷诺数下A型减阻到高雷诺数下B型减阻的转换特征;黄原胶溶液的减阻率在低雷诺数时对温度的变化较为敏感,高雷诺数下的减阻效果受温度影响较小.     

不同超声条件下结冷胶酸性凝胶的凝胶特性研究

利用高能超声波处理低酰基结冷胶（Low acyl gellan gum,LA）水溶液,并以葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯（Glucono-δ-lactone,GDL）为酸诱导剂制备了结冷胶酸性凝胶,以不透明指数、断裂应力、断裂应变、杨氏模量、保水性指数为指标,考察了超声作用对结冷胶酸性凝胶凝胶特性的影响。结果表明,结冷胶浓度越高,断裂应力、杨氏模量、不透明指数和保水性越大,断裂应变则越小。超声时间越长,超声功率越大,凝胶的断裂应变越大,但断裂应力、杨氏模量则越小。断裂应力、杨氏模量随着GDL/LA质量比的增大出现了先增加后降低的变化趋势,当GDL/LA质量比为1时取得最大值。GDL/LA质量比增大,酸性凝胶的断裂应变和保水性减小,而不透明指数增大。保水性随着超声功率的增大而降低,但随着超声时间的延长,保水性出现了小幅提高,当超声时间为30min时,保水性最大。超声处理使结冷胶分子链断链,凝胶三维网络结构中形成了悬挂链,凝胶强度降低。结冷胶浓度越大,凝胶的微观结构越致密。超声处理可用于结冷胶改性以改善其凝胶特性。